Nigeria, S-Africa, Egypt Account for Half of Africa's Economy - - World Bank

Nigeria, South Africa and Egypt account for about half of the African economy says new data released by the World Bank Group last week.

The report which ranked global economies on the basis of the strength of their currency said that China will overtake the United States of America by the end of 2014 as the largest economy in the world.

The report said that low income economies, as a share of world GDP, were more than two times larger based on Purchasing Power Parity, PPP, than respective exchange rate shares in 2011.

Yet, these economies accounted for only 1.5 per cent of the global economy, but nearly 11 per cent of the world population. Roughly 28 per cent of the world's population lives in economies with GDP per capita expenditures above the $13,460 world average and 72 per cent are below that average.

The International Comparison Program (ICP) which released the new data said that the world economy produced goods and services worth over $90 trillion in 2011, and that almost half of the world's total output came from low and middle income countries.

Six of the world's 12 largest economies were in the middle income category (based on the World Bank's definition). When combined, the 12 largest economies account for two-thirds of the world economy, and 59 per cent of the world population.

The PPP-based world GDP amounted to $90,647 billion, compared to $70,294 billion measured by exchange rates. Middle income economies' share of global GDP is 48 per cent when using PPPs and 32 per cent when using exchange rates.

The approximate median yearly per capita expenditures for the world - at $10,057 - means that half of the global population has per capita expenditures above that amount and half below.

Which are the largest economies?

According to the report, the six largest middle income economies are China, India, Russia, Brazil, Indonesia and Mexico which account for 32.3 per cent of world GDP, whereas the six largest high income economies are United States, Japan, Germany, France, United Kingdom, and Italy which account for 32.9 per cent.

Asia and the Pacific, including China and India, account for 30 per cent of world GDP, Statistical Office of the European Communities (Eurostat) - and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) - 54 per cent, Latin America - 5.5 per cent (excluding Mexico, which participates in the OECD and Argentina, which did not participate in the ICP 2011), Africa and Western Asia about 4.5 per cent each.

China and India make up two-thirds of the Asia and the Pacific economy, excluding Japan and South Korea, which are part of the OECD comparison. Russia accounts for more than 70 per cent of the CIS, and Brazil for 56 per cent of Latin America.

South Africa, Egypt, and Nigeria account for about half of the African economy.

Which countries are the most expensive?

The report stated that going by the Price Level Index (PLI) which is the ratio of a PPP to a corresponding exchange rate, the most expensive economies in GDP terms are Switzerland, Norway, Bermuda, Australia and Denmark, with indices ranging from 210 to 185.

The United States ranked 25th in the world, lower than most other high-income economies, including France, Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom.

Twenty-three economies are showing a PLI of 50 or below. The cheapest economies according to the report, are Egypt, Pakistan, Myanmar, Ethiopia and Lao People's Democratic Republic, with indices ranging from 35 to 40.

Which countries are the richest and poorest in per capita terms?

According to the World Bank, the five economies with the highest GDP per capita are Qatar, Macao SAR, China, Luxembourg, Kuwait, and Brunei.

The first two economies have more than $100,000 per capita. Eleven economies have more than $50,000 per capita, while they collectively account for less than 0.6 per cent of the world's population. The United States has the 12th highest GDP per capita.

Eight economies - Malawi, Mozambique, Central African Republic, Niger, Burundi, Congo, Dem. Rep., Comoros and Liberia - have a GDP per capita of less than $1,000.

Which countries devote the most spending that directly benefit individuals?

The World Bank report disclosed that "a general measure of material well-being of each economy's population is measured better by actual individual consumption per capita. It said that a measure of all expenditures in the economy that directly benefit individuals rather than by GDP per capita is more revealing of the impact of government policy on individuals.

By this measure, the five economies with highest actual individual consumption per capita are Bermuda, United States, Cayman Islands, Hong Kong SAR, China, and Luxembourg, respectively. The world average actual individual consumption per capita is approximately $8,647.

Investment expenditures

The report further stated that "at 27 per cent, China now has the largest share of the world's expenditure for investment (gross fixed capital formation); followed by the United States at 13 per cent. India, Japan and Indonesia follow with 7 per cent, 4 per cent, and 3 per cent, respectively.